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本網(wang)訊  10月份，各級農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)門認真貫徹落(luo)實黨中(zhong)(zhong)央、國務院(yuan)決策部(bu)署，全(quan)力(li)抓好秋收(shou)秋種穩生產(chan)，強化政策引(yin)導促調整，深(shen)化農(nong)村改革激活力(li)，全(quan)國農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村經(jing)濟繼續呈(cheng)現穩中(zhong)(zhong)有進(jin)、進(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)向優態勢：生產(chan)形勢穩定(ding)、加(jia)工業(ye)穩中(zhong)(zhong)增效、貿易結構逐步優化、農(nong)業(ye)投資勢頭良好，全(quan)國農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)批發價格指(zhi)數(shu)環比(bi)下降(jiang)6.53%、同比(bi)上漲7.62%，“菜(cai)籃(lan)子”產(chan)品(pin)(pin)批發價格指(zhi)數(shu)環比(bi)下降(jiang)7.76%、同比(bi)上漲9.40%。

秋(qiu)(qiu)收秋(qiu)(qiu)種接近尾聲，農業生產形勢(shi)保持平(ping)穩。據農業部(bu)農情調度，截至目前，全(quan)國秋(qiu)(qiu)糧已收獲11.2億(yi)畝(mu)，占比(bi)超(chao)過94%，進度同比(bi)相當。其中(zhong)，玉米和大(da)豆收獲基本(ben)結(jie)束(shu)，中(zhong)稻（一季(ji)稻）正(zheng)在(zai)收尾，雙(shuang)季(ji)晚(wan)稻收獲近七成。秋(qiu)(qiu)冬(dong)播進展總體順(shun)利，全(quan)國已播冬(dong)小麥(mai)(mai)3億(yi)畝(mu)、完成意向種植面積的88.4%；已播冬(dong)油菜9210多萬畝(mu)、完成超(chao)過九成。據農業部(bu)遙(yao)感監測，目前冬(dong)麥(mai)(mai)區墑情整(zheng)體適宜(yi)，冬(dong)小麥(mai)(mai)一類苗比(bi)例為(wei)(wei)42.31%，二類苗比(bi)例為(wei)(wei)57.69%，比(bi)上(shang)年同期略好。

畜(chu)禽生(sheng)產供應充足，漁業生(sheng)產保(bao)持向好。據(ju)農(nong)業部(bu)監測，生(sheng)豬出欄延(yan)續了3月(yue)(yue)份(fen)以來的回穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)勢，10月(yue)(yue)份(fen)出欄環(huan)(huan)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)0.8%；能(neng)繁母豬存欄環(huan)(huan)比(bi)(bi)減(jian)少0.2%，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)減(jian)少3.9%。牛羊生(sheng)產過剩局面逐步改善，肉牛、肉羊和(he)奶牛存欄同(tong)比(bi)(bi)分別下降0.1%、2.7%和(he)7.8%；蛋雞生(sheng)產保(bao)持穩(wen)(wen)定。漁業生(sheng)產持續平(ping)穩(wen)(wen)，1-10月(yue)(yue)國內(nei)水(shui)產品總產量5018.8萬噸(dun)，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)2.8%，養(yang)殖量和(he)捕(bu)撈量同(tong)比(bi)(bi)分別增長(chang)2.80%和(he)2.96%。其中(zhong)，10月(yue)(yue)份(fen)產量為740.1萬噸(dun)，環(huan)(huan)比(bi)(bi)略(lve)降。全國重大動(dong)物疫情繼續保(bao)持平(ping)穩(wen)(wen)。

大宗(zong)農(nong)產品(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)穩(wen)(wen)中趨強，鮮活(huo)農(nong)產品(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)全面回(hui)落。據農(nong)業(ye)部監(jian)測，玉米(mi)集(ji)貿市(shi)場月(yue)(yue)均(jun)(jun)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)為1.94元/公斤(jin)，環比(bi)(bi)(bi)和同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)分(fen)別(bie)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)5.2%和11.7%；稻谷2.91元/公斤(jin)，基本穩(wen)(wen)定；小麥2.33元/公斤(jin)，環比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)0.4%。棉花價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)連(lian)續(xu)7個月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)，月(yue)(yue)均(jun)(jun)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)環比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)7.4%，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)17.4%。糖價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)月(yue)(yue)均(jun)(jun)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)環比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)7.4%，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)22.4%。豬肉(rou)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)連(lian)續(xu)4個月(yue)(yue)回(hui)落，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)基本持(chi)平；牛肉(rou)、羊肉(rou)環比(bi)(bi)(bi)分(fen)別(bie)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)0.7%和0.8%；雞蛋價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)明顯(xian)，環比(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)9.0%；水(shui)產品(pin)月(yue)(yue)均(jun)(jun)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)環比(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)2.6%，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增長5.5%。蔬(shu)菜價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)止漲(zhang)(zhang)轉跌(die)，重點(dian)監(jian)測的28種蔬(shu)菜月(yue)(yue)均(jun)(jun)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)環比(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)2.5%，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)17.9%；水(shui)果價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)穩(wen)(wen)中略降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，重點(dian)監(jian)測的7種水(shui)果月(yue)(yue)均(jun)(jun)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)環比(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)1.1%，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)4%。從國際(ji)看，大宗(zong)農(nong)產品(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)漲(zhang)(zhang)多跌(die)少(shao)，玉米(mi)、大豆、小麥、原糖和棉花價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)環比(bi)(bi)(bi)分(fen)別(bie)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)6.3%、0.7%、4.6%、4.3%和0.8%；棕櫚油和大米(mi)環比(bi)(bi)(bi)分(fen)別(bie)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)5.9%和6.0%。此外，化肥價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)環比(bi)(bi)(bi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)雙降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，農(nong)用柴油價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)延續(xu)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)態(tai)勢，環比(bi)(bi)(bi)增長1.4%。

農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品貿(mao)易(yi)結構逐(zhu)步(bu)優化，貿(mao)易(yi)逆(ni)(ni)差(cha)繼續收窄。據海關總署統計，1-9月，我國農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品貿(mao)易(yi)總額(e)1352.9億(yi)(yi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan)，出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)額(e)525.1億(yi)(yi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan)、同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)4.4%，進口(kou)(kou)額(e)827.8億(yi)(yi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan)、同(tong)(tong)比(bi)減(jian)(jian)少6.9%，貿(mao)易(yi)逆(ni)(ni)差(cha)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)減(jian)(jian)少21.5%。其中，小麥和(he)(he)大(da)米進口(kou)(kou)分(fen)別為288.7萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)和(he)(he)256.4萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)27.2%和(he)(he)9.9%；玉米及(ji)大(da)麥、高粱(liang)、玉米酒(jiu)糟等替代品共進口(kou)(kou)1521.5萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)減(jian)(jian)少43%；棉花和(he)(he)食糖分(fen)別進口(kou)(kou)92.5萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)和(he)(he)261.2萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)減(jian)(jian)少32.2%和(he)(he)30%；豬肉、牛(niu)肉、奶(nai)粉進口(kou)(kou)量分(fen)別增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)1.5倍、36.6%和(he)(he)14.4%。蔬菜出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)105.7億(yi)(yi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)10.7%，持(chi)續保持(chi)順(shun)差(cha)態勢；水果出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)47.9億(yi)(yi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)14.9%，今年以來首次(ci)實現逆(ni)(ni)差(cha)轉順(shun)差(cha)；水產(chan)(chan)品出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)148.8億(yi)(yi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan)，增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)略(lve)低于進口(kou)(kou)增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)，順(shun)差(cha)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)1.2%。

農(nong)產(chan)品加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)平穩(wen)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)，玉米(mi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)明(ming)顯(xian)提高。1-9月份，農(nong)產(chan)品加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)總體呈現生產(chan)成本(ben)穩(wen)中有降、產(chan)量穩(wen)定增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)、盈利(li)能力明(ming)顯(xian)提升的態勢。規(gui)模(mo)以上(shang)農(nong)產(chan)品加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)值同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)5.6%；實現主營業(ye)務收(shou)(shou)入(ru)144721億元，同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)4.7%，比(bi)全(quan)國(guo)規(gui)模(mo)以上(shang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)主營業(ye)務收(shou)(shou)入(ru)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)(su)高1個百分(fen)點。其中，受價格(ge)回歸市(shi)場，出口(kou)退稅等政策(ce)恢復，玉米(mi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本(ben)下降明(ming)顯(xian)，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)提高，去庫(ku)存速(su)(su)度加(jia)快。以吉林為(wei)例，目前(qian)玉米(mi)深加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)在85%左右。

第(di)一產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)固定資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)穩(wen)步增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)，東北(bei)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)有(you)望扭負為正。據國(guo)家統計(ji)局統計(ji)，1-9月份，全國(guo)第(di)一產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)固定資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)（不(bu)含(han)農戶(hu)）1.34萬億(yi)元(yuan)，占全國(guo)固定資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)總額(e)的3.14%；同比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)21.8%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)比1-8月份提高0.3個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點，高于全國(guo)固定資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)13.6個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點。其中，民間投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)占第(di)一產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)全部投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)的78.9%，同比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)18.5%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)保持(chi)穩(wen)定；漁業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速(su)持(chi)續回升(sheng)，投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)額(e)達(da)到745億(yi)元(yuan)；東北(bei)地區投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)負增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)連續4個(ge)(ge)月收(shou)窄，有(you)望轉正。

展望今后一(yi)段時(shi)(shi)期，農業農村經濟在(zai)保持平(ping)穩(wen)運行(xing)(xing)態勢(shi)的(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，兩方面變化(hua)值(zhi)得關(guan)注。一(yi)方面，后期東北(bei)(bei)、華北(bei)(bei)東北(bei)(bei)部、西北(bei)(bei)東部受(shou)較強(qiang)冷空(kong)氣影(ying)響(xiang)，大部地(di)(di)區氣溫(wen)偏(pian)低，局部有(you)小到中雨(yu)（雪）或雨(yu)夾雪，各地(di)(di)需(xu)注意加固設施(shi)溫(wen)棚、畜(chu)禽圈舍，并根據(ju)天氣變化(hua)及時(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)棚舍增溫(wen)保暖，防(fang)御大風降(jiang)溫(wen)對(dui)設施(shi)作(zuo)物、蔬菜(cai)和畜(chu)禽的(de)(de)不(bu)利(li)影(ying)響(xiang)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，西南大部分(fen)地(di)(di)區降(jiang)水偏(pian)少(shao)、氣溫(wen)偏(pian)高，需(xu)要關(guan)注旱(han)情(qing)發展。另一(yi)方面，大宗農產品價格有(you)一(yi)定上行(xing)(xing)空(kong)間，但(dan)支撐上漲的(de)(de)因素持續性(xing)不(bu)強(qiang)，農戶應理(li)性(xing)售糧，避免因集中售糧造成損(sun)失(shi)，特別是(shi)要注意抓住有(you)利(li)時(shi)(shi)機晾曬(shai)、烘(hong)干糧食(shi)，減少(shao)損(sun)耗、確(que)保品質。

本文關鍵詞：10月份全(quan)國 農業 農村經(jing)濟